301 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
301 lines
14 KiB
Plaintext
**screen size** pour 2*2: 137*38 / pour 1*1: 68*19 (37 et 18 si barre des menus cachee)
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**ctrl c** termine l'action en cours du terminal
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**ctrl s** bloque l'affichage du terminal
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**ctrl q** rétablit la communication avec le terminal
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**ctrl z** stop le travail en cours et le met sur pause
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**fg** relance le dernier travail mis sur pause
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**mkdir file{1..10}** creer 10 dossiers nommés de file1 à file10
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**pwd** print working directory
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**xdg-open .** open working directory
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**du -sh** directory sizes
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**ncdu** (visual version of 'du' command) quick presentation of directories size
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**ssh username@ssh.server.domain -p XXXX** se connecter a un serveur via ssh en precisant un port
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**sftp -P XXXX username@ssh.server.domain** se connecter a un server ssh avec le protocol ftp
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**vim scp://username@ssh.server.domain:XXXX//home/path/to/file** edit a remote file from local vim
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**having multiples audio in the same time**
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https://askubuntu.com/questions/78174/play-sound-through-two-or-more-outputs-devices
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- launch paprefs (pulse audio preferences)
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- choose 'add virtual output' in 'simultaneous output'
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- restart pulsaudio for the changes to take effect : **pulseaudio -k**
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- launch pavucontrol (pulse audio volume controle)
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- choose the simultaneous output (this will also enable the computer speakers, so you might want to put them at 0)
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**open .URL files :**
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https://askubuntu.com/questions/353932/equivalent-of-url-file-on-ubuntu#353952
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- create a file (ex: 'open_url') in /usr/local/bin/ (or another bin directory located in $PATH)
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- in this file :
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```
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#!/usr/bin/bash
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if [ "$1" == "" ] || [ "$1" == "--help" ] ; then
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echo "$(basename "$0") URLFILE - opens a .url file in the default browser"
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else
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sed 's/^BASEURL=/URL=/' "$1" | grep -m 1 '^URL=' | sed 's/^URL=//' | sed 's/\r//' | xargs xdg-open
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fi
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```
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- signification :
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- for the command "open_url file.URL" :
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- **$0** : /usr/local/bin/open_url
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- **$(basename "$0")** : open_url
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- **$1** : file.URL
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- the sed command :
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- **grep -m 1** : tells grep to stop searching after the first match
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- **xargs** : reads items from standard input and executes a command with those items as arguments
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- give execution permission : `chmod +x /usr/local/bin/open_url`
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- tell the file manager to use this script to open .URL files :
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- right click on a .URL file
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- open with other application
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- 'use a custom command' : /usr/local/bin/open_url
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- 'use as default for this kind of file' (or equivalent)
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- open :)
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**open .webloc files :**
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- see above 'open .URL files'
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- in the script change the line "sed..." by this :
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grep -m 1 -oP '(?<=<string>).*?(?=<\/string>)' "$1" | xargs xdg-open
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- signification :
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- **-m 1** : tells grep to stop searching after the first match
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- **-o** : tells grep to print only the matching portion of the line
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- **-P** : this option enables Perl-compatible regular expressions, which support lookaheads and lookbehinds
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- **(?<=<string>)** : this is a positive lookbehind that matches the position immediately after <string>.
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- **.*?** : this matches any character (except for a newline) zero or more times, but as few times as possible.
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- **(?=<\/string>)** : this is a positive lookahead that matches the position immediately before </string>
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**pdftotext** transforme un pdf en un fichier texte
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**^** designe le debut d'une ligne
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* n'importe quel caractere autant de fois que possible
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**ls** ** montre tous les dossiers et sous-dossiers recursivement
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**chmod 755 fichier** chmod change les droits des fichiers, organisés en : rwxrwxrwx avec pour valeur r=4 w=2 x=1 donc r-w == r + w == 4 + 1 == 5
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**zsh**
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**sudo apt-get install zsh**
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**which zsh** donne le chemin d'acces de zsh (/usr/bin/zsh)
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**chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh** change shell (chsh) pour zsh
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(reboot le systeme pour que les changements prennent effet)
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**echo $SHELL** pour voir quel shell est utilisé
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(uncomment **line --DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"--** in ~/.zshrc file pour empecher screen de donner un nom automatique aux sessions)
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**sass name.scss name.css** create a css file from a scss file
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**sass --watch name.scss:name.css** make the transformations of scss in css file
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**'tree' like :**
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find | sort | grep -ve "node_modules/" -e ".git/" | sed 's#[^/]*/#|__ #g;s#__ |# |#g;s#| # #g;s#\(node_modules\|.git[ignore]*\)#\1 ...#;$a\ '
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**format usb**
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**sudo fdisk -l** list all disks - find yours (something like /dev/sdx)
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**sudo fdisk /dev/sdx** enter in fdisk program
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**p** print the partions
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**o** create an empty dos table
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**n** add a new partition
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**p** primary
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**1** partition number 1
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**enter** default first selector
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**+1G** for 1Gb size or *enter* for default
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**a** toogle the flag *bootable*
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**n** again if you want more partitions
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**w** write and quit
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**touchscreen :**
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**xinput --list** list all input
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**xinput disable 12** disable the input 12, touchscreen for Lenovo-FLEX-3-1120
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**load to start :** add "xinput disable 12" in application autostart
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ADD FORMULA TO FIND 12
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**appimage :**
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**chmod +x <name>.appimage** make it executable
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(optional) **mv path/Nextcloud-xx.Appimage ~/.local/bin/nextcloud**
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**sudo vim /usr/share/applications/<name>.desktop** create a file.desktop with content :
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[Desktop Entry]
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Exec=/absolute/path/to/file/<name><.ext>
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Name=<name>
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Type=Application
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**( cd /usr/share/applications && chmod 644 <name>.desktop )** maybe change permissions
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**applications :**
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**ln -s /path/to/executable /usr/bin**
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add /usr/share/applications/<name>.desktop as explained above for appimages
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**maybe, example with firefox :**
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Download Firefox
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Got to the Download folder in your terminal:
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**cd ~/Downloads**
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Extract the archive:
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**tar xjf firefox-*.tar.bz2**
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Move the Firefox files to /opt:
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**mv firefox /opt**
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Create a symlink to the Firefox binary:
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**ln -s /opt/firefox/firefox /usr/local/bin/firefox**
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Download a desktop file:
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**wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mozilla/sumo-kb/main/install-firefox-linux/firefox.desktop -P /usr/local/share/applications**
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Remove the snap version of Firefox:
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**sudo snap remove firefox**
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Launch the new Firefox by running this command in a terminal:
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**/usr/local/bin/firefox**
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Go to Dock -> right click on Firefox -> Add to Favorites -> Move it to the top
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**firefox extension source code :**
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**right click on install** and select "copy link"
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**curl -L <link> > /tmp/myextension.xpi** download the extension with curl inside a tmp file
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**unzip /tmp/myextension.xpi -d /tmp/myextension** unzip the content
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enjoy reading it ;)
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**enable accents on ubuntu :**
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**compose key = right alt** change in keyboard > layout > compose key
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**sudo apt install gnome-tweaks** maybe install tweak to change compose key
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**r-alt ' e** é
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**r-alt ` e** è
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**alternatively :** https://askubuntu.com/questions/1028957/how-to-set-a-compose-key-in-ubuntu-18-04
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**man xkeyboard-config** look for the compose options (shortcut: enter /compose:). You will find
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compose:ralt Right Alt
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compose:lwin Left Win
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compose:lwin-altgr 3rd level of Left Win
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compose:rwin Right Win
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compose:rwin-altgr 3rd level of Right Win
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compose:menu Menu
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compose:menu-altgr 3rd level of Menu
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compose:lctrl Left Ctrl
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compose:lctrl-altgr 3rd level of Left Ctrl
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compose:rctrl Right Ctrl
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compose:rctrl-altgr 3rd level of Right Ctrl
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compose:caps Caps Lock
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compose:caps-altgr 3rd level of Caps Lock
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compose:102 <Less/Greater>
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compose:102-altgr 3rd level of <Less/Greater>
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compose:paus Pause
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compose:prsc PrtSc
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compose:sclk Scroll Lock
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**setxkbmap -option compose:paus** let us say you want to pick Pause as the compose key. Just issue
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**XKBOPTIONS="terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp,compose:paus"** to make it reboot-persistent,
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edit /etc/default/keyboard
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if you had other options already,
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separate them with commas
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**connect to planet hoster with ssh :**
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ssh hugugtzx@world-370.fr.planethoster.net -p 5022
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**to enable vi :** `export TERM=xterm`
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**locked files on nextcloud :** https://help.nextcloud.com/t/file-is-locked-how-to-unlock/1883
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**vi nextcloud.hugulumu.fr/nextcloud/config/config.php** : change maintenance mode to true
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**mysql -u hugugtzx -p**
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**(SHOW DATABASES;)**
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**USE hugugtzx_next645;**
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**(SHOW TABLES;)**
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**DELETE FROM oc_file_locks WHERE 1;**
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**vi nextcloud.hugulumu.fr/nextcloud/config/config.php** : change maintenance mode back to false
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**youtube-dl for france.tv :**
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https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29956#issuecomment-1013345689
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**remap keyboard keys :**
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/* FOR ONE SESSION */
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**xev** open a program that gives informations about key events, like keycode
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**xmodmap -pk | grep <keycode>** to find the name of the key, like Return
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**xmodmap -e "keycode <keycode> = <name>"** ex: `xmodmap -e "keycode 62 = Return"`
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/* OR FOREVER */
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**sudo cp /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc.bak** save the file
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**sudo vim /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc** modify the file
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**settings of firefox extension MultiTranslate :**
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iframe {
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/*min-width: 720px;*/
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min-height: 600px;
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border: none;
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margin-top: -160px;
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}
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iframe ~ * {
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display: none !important;
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}
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**open default sites with firefox :**
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https://askubuntu.com/questions/79305/how-do-i-change-my-default-browser
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**sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser**
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**sudo update-alternatives --config gnome-www-browser**
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**change dns :**
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https://learnubuntu.com/change-dns-server/
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so far i just changed in /etc/resolv.conf
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**format usb :**
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- list disk :
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**df -h** mounted partitions, or
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**lsblk** or
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**sudo fdisk -l** for more informations
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- unmount partitions :
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**sudo umount /dev/sdb1** unmount usb, replace /dev/sdb1 with name of your usb
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- if necessary, erase all memory :
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**sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=4k status=progress && sync** sync to flush the cache
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- if necessary, erase all partitions or create new ones :
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**sudo fdisk /dev/sdb**
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> Command (m for help): **o** for creating an empty partition table
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> Command (m for help): **n** for creating a new one
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> Select (default p): **<enter>** to select default p
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> Partition number (default 1): **<enter>** to create a partition number 1
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> First sector (default 2048): **<enter>** to start partition at begining
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> Last sector (default xxxxxxxx): **<enter>** to give partition full size
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> Command (m for help): **w** to write the changes (before that, nothing was really made)
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- format partitions (re list before) :
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**sudo mkfs -t vfat -n "<name>" /dev/sdb1** to format in fat32 (vfat) (MaKe FileSystem)
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**list of automatic settings :**
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- install screen, omyzsh, keepassxc, curl, make, firefox, signal, gnome-tweaks, ffmpeg, yt-dlp
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- install or configure to avoid screen blue light
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- install nextcloud client (apt ? or appimage ? appimage need fuse : https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/wiki/FUSE), and launch at startup
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- install these settings (connection with bitbucket ? ssh ? https ?)
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- configure cursor speed, click with touch
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- change dns
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- configure firefox :
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- default browser
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- duckduckgo default search
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- addons :
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- keepassxc
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- i dont care about cookies
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- auto tab discard
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- settings > barre d'outils action click gauche > desactiver tous les autres onglets
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- ublock origin
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- deepl/multitranslate
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- youtube speed control, by toxblh
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- download file
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- password settings
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- setting ctrl-tab to switch to last used tabs
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- configure desktop bar with infos and stats
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- configure git global email and name
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**todo !**
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- re-add code to move cursor on wrap text in vimrc
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- add vimrc, zshrc, and screenrc in default screen windows
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**ecowan server :**
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- list user : **cat /etc/passwd**
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- change user passwd : **sudo passwd <username>**
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- changed user "root" and "ecowan" password
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- **sudo passwd username**
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- created "huho" user with **sudo adduser <username>**
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- added it to the sudo group so it can use sudo (**sudo usermod -aG sudo huho**)
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- did not add it to the sudoers file (`visudo` then add line `huho ALL=(ALL) ALL`)
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- disabling user "ecowan" shell access with **sudo usermod --shell /sbin/nologin ecowan**
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- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/10852/whats-the-difference-between-sbin-nologin-and-bin-false#10867
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- its possible to re-enable it with **sudo usermod --shell /bin/bash ecowan**
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- to see the shell of a user : **grep <username> /etc/passwd**
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- added ssh pub key by running this command in local :
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- **ssh-copy-id username@server_ip**
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- then changed ssh configuration file `/etc/ssh/sshd_config` to enable ssh key connection only :
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- Set PasswordAuthentication no to disable password-based authentication
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- Set ChallengeResponseAuthentication no to disable any keyboard-interactive authentication
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- Ensure that PubkeyAuthentication yes is set to allow public key authentication
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- restart ssh with **sudo service ssh restart**
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- create a new user "user_sav" with the same ssh key to have a backup connection
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- if i wanted i should change file `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`, and add the 3 commented lines :
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- #Match User user_sav
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#PasswordAuthentication yes
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#Match all
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PasswordAuthentication no
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PermitEmptyPasswords no
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- to let user_sav be able to connect with a password instead of a ssh key
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