step by step explanation of grace

2024-01-25 13:55:17 +01:00
parent 66af3c1b66
commit 4c5afa27c4
6 changed files with 506 additions and 3 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ builds/
 Colleen
 Grace
 Sully
+a.out
 Colleen_*.c
 Grace_*.c
 Sully_*.c
+*test*
--- a/3_Sully/Makefile
+++ b/3_Sully/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 NAME         = Sully
 SRCS         = Sully.c
 CLONE        = $(NAME)_kid.c
-CREATE_CLONE = ./$(NAME) > $(CLONE)
+CREATE_CLONE = ./$(NAME)

 include ../MakefileCommon
--- a/3_Sully/Sully.c
+++ b/3_Sully/Sully.c
@@ -12,4 +12,3 @@
 #define FFT(...) FT(__VA_ARGS__)

 FFT(PRINT)
-
--- a/3_Sully/calculate_print.sh
+++ b/3_Sully/calculate_print.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# it's important to put the input_string inside single quotes
+input_string='#include <stdio.h>%[\r]#define PRINT %[\s]%[\r]#define FT(...) int main(){%[\\]%[\r]'
+
+special_cahracters=$(echo -E "$input_string" | grep -o "%\[..\]")
+echo $special_cahracters
+
+# assiocative array : https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Arrays.html
+declare -A instructions
+instructions["%[\r]"]=10
+instructions["%[\s]"]="S"
+instructions["%[\\]"]=92
+instructions["%[\"]"]=34
+
+for key 
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,163 @@
-# DR_QUINE
+# DR QUINE
+
+#### constructing a quine with macro :
+---
+
+**a quine could be this structure basically :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = THE_WHOLE_PROGRAM;
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**in one line :**
+```
+int main(){ char *quine = THIS_LINE_&_THE_LINES_AROUND; printf(quine); return 0; }
+```
+
+**whole code idea :**
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN() int main() { char *quine = "BEFORE" "THIS_MACRO_ITSELF" "AFTER"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN()
+```
+
+
+#### let's try it
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(s)
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** the `char *quine` string should contain a copy of the whole code in place of "s"
+
+
+#### second try
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(MAIN(s))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))"; printf(quine); return 0; }"\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))"; printf(quine); return 0; }"\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** almost there, but the content of the string quine should be a litteral string instead of code
+
+
+
+#### lets stringify the content of the string quine
+---
+
+**the previous can be written with an extra step :**
+```
+#define str(s) s
+#define MAIN(s) content s content
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+
+/* EQUIVALENT */
+
+#define MAIN(s) content s content
+MAIN((MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**we can use this extra step to stringify the content :**
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define str(s) #s
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define str(s) #s\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) ""MAIN(s)""\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) ""MAIN(s)""\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** oops, it stringified the paramter name, not it's expanded version, see https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Stringizing.html
+
+
+#### working stringification
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define xstr(s) #s
+#define str(s) xstr(s)
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) ""int main() { char *quine = \"#include <stdio.h>\\n#define xstr(s) #s\\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\\n#define MAIN(s) \"s\"\\n\\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\\n\"; printf(quine); return 0; }""\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine =
+		"#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) "
+		"int main() { char *quine = \"#include <stdio.h>\\n#define xstr(s) #s\\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\\n#define MAIN(s) \"s\"\\n\\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\\n\"; printf(quine); return 0; }"
+		"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**output :**
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define xstr(s) #s
+#define str(s) xstr(s)
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**victory ;)**
+
--- a/notes.md
+++ b/notes.md
@@ -2,3 +2,327 @@
 - [preprocessor strip comments before exapnding macros](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1510869/does-the-c-preprocessor-strip-comments-or-expand-macros-first)
 - [create an include with a macro OR NOT](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1135822/escaping-a-symbol-in-a-define-macro)

+## Grace
+---
+
+#### 1 : a string containing itself, almost
+---
+
+```
+#define xstr(s) str(s)
+#define str(s) char *quine = #s ; printf(quine);
+
+xstr(str())
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `xstr ( char *quine = "" ; printf(quine); )`
+-> `char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine);`
+
+**problem :** `\"\"` instead of `#s` :
+-> `char *quine = "char *quine = #s ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine);`
+
+
+#### 1.2 : the output, first try
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main(){ s return 0; }
+#define xstr(s) str(s)
+#define str(s) char *quine = #s ; printf(quine);
+
+MAIN(xstr(str()))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `MAIN( xstr( char *quine = "" ; printf(quine); ))`
+-> `MAIN( char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine); )`
+-> `int main(){ char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main(){
+	char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ;
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**output :**
+```
+char *quine = "" ; printf(quine);
+```
+
+**problem 1 :** missing the main function around the content
+**problem 2 :** quine does not contain itself, but an empty string
+
+
+#### 1.3 : the output, second try
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main(){ s return 0; }
+#define xstr(s) str(s)
+#define str(s) char *quine = #s ; printf(quine);
+
+MAIN(xstr(MAIN(xstr(str()))))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `MAIN( xstr( MAIN( xstr( char *quine = "" ; printf(quine); ))))`
+-> `MAIN( xstr( MAIN( char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine); )))`
+-> `MAIN( xstr( int main(){ char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine); return 0; } ))`
+-> `MAIN( char *quine = "int main(){ char *quine = \"char *quine = \\\"\\\" ; printf(quine);\" ; printf(quine); return 0; }" ; printf(quine); )`
+-> `int main(){ char *quine = "int main(){ char *quine = \"char *quine = \\\"\\\" ; printf(quine);\" ; printf(quine); return 0; }" ; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine =
+	"
+		int main()
+		{
+			char *quine = \"char *quine = \\\"\\\" ; printf(quine);\" ;
+			printf(quine);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	";
+
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**output :**
+```
+int main(){ char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);" ; printf(quine); return 0; }%                                
+```
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine);";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** this new program will only print :
+`char *quine = "" ; printf(quine);`
+
+
+
+#### 1.3 : the output, third try
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main(){ s return 0; }
+#define xstr(s) str(s)
+#define str(s) char *quine = #s ; printf(quine);
+
+MAIN(xstr(MAIN(xstr(MAIN(xstr())))))
+```
+**output :**
+`int main(){ char *quine = "int main(){ char *quine = \"\" ; printf(quine); return 0; }" ; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine =
+	"
+		int main()
+		{
+			char *quine = \"\";
+			printf(quine);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** we cannot gon on like this, there will always be one level missing
+**idea :** changing the inner `char* quine =` content to '%s' and printing `printf(quine, quine)`
+
+
+
+
+#### 2 : second approach
+---
+
+**a quine could be this structure basically :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = THE_WHOLE_PROGRAM;
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**in one line :**
+```
+int main(){ char *quine = THIS_LINE_&_THE_LINES_AROUND; printf(quine); return 0; }
+```
+
+**whole code idea :**
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN() int main() { char *quine = "BEFORE" "THIS_MACRO_ITSELF" "AFTER"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN()
+```
+
+
+#### 2.1 : let's try it
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(s)
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** the `char *quine` string should contain a copy of the whole code in place of "s"
+
+
+#### 2.2 : second try
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(MAIN(s))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))"; printf(quine); return 0; }"\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) "s "\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))"; printf(quine); return 0; }"\n\nMAIN(MAIN(s))\n";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** almost there, but the content of the string quine should be a litteral string instead of code
+
+
+
+#### 2.3 : lets stringify the content of the string quine
+---
+
+**the previous can be written with an extra step :**
+```
+#define str(s) s
+#define MAIN(s) content s content
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+
+/* EQUIVALENT */
+
+#define MAIN(s) content s content
+MAIN((MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**we can use this extra step to stringify the content :**
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define str(s) #s
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define str(s) #s\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) ""MAIN(s)""\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define MAIN(s) ""MAIN(s)""\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**problem :** oops, it stringified the paramter name, not it's expanded version, see https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Stringizing.html
+
+
+#### 2.4 : working stringification
+---
+
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define xstr(s) #s
+#define str(s) xstr(s)
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**expansions :**
+-> `int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) ""int main() { char *quine = \"#include <stdio.h>\\n#define xstr(s) #s\\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\\n#define MAIN(s) \"s\"\\n\\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\\n\"; printf(quine); return 0; }""\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }`
+
+**exploded view :**
+```
+int main()
+{
+	char *quine =
+		"#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) "
+		"int main() { char *quine = \"#include <stdio.h>\\n#define xstr(s) #s\\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\\n#define MAIN(s) \"s\"\\n\\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\\n\"; printf(quine); return 0; }"
+		"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n";
+	printf(quine);
+	return 0;
+}
+```
+
+**output :**
+```
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define xstr(s) #s
+#define str(s) xstr(s)
+#define MAIN(s) int main() { char *quine = "#include <stdio.h>\n#define xstr(s) #s\n#define str(s) xstr(s)\n#define MAIN(s) "s"\n\nMAIN(str(MAIN(s)))\n"; printf(quine); return 0; }
+
+MAIN(str(MAIN(s)))
+```
+
+**victory ;)**
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+