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merge luke works with separate files

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This commit is contained in:
hugogogo
2022-07-30 18:35:57 +02:00
parent e132802a8d 36868afa30
commit 8381f804cd
21 changed files with 1154 additions and 34 deletions
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3
.gitignore vendored
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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db
*.o
*.d
*.swp
*.out
*.exe
@@ -15,3 +16,5 @@ Thumbs.db
ubuntu_tester
ubuntu_cgi_tester
webserv
!**/webserv/
*.log

7
Makefile
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@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@ HEADERS_D = headers
Client.hpp \
Server.hpp
SRCS_D = srcs
SRCS_D = srcs srcs/webserv
SRCS = main.cpp \
Webserv.cpp
ft_itoa.cpp \
base.cpp init.cpp close.cpp epoll_update.cpp signal.cpp \
accept.cpp request.cpp response.cpp \
run_loop.cpp
OBJS_D = builds
OBJS = $(SRCS:%.cpp=$(OBJS_D)/%.o)

8
builds/Webserv.d
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@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
builds/Webserv.o: srcs/Webserv.cpp headers/Webserv.hpp headers/Client.hpp \
headers/Server.hpp
headers/Webserv.hpp:
headers/Client.hpp:
headers/Server.hpp:

8
builds/main.d
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@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
builds/main.o: srcs/main.cpp headers/Webserv.hpp headers/Client.hpp \
headers/Server.hpp
headers/Webserv.hpp:
headers/Client.hpp:
headers/Server.hpp:

11
default_error_pages/404.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>404 Not Found</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center">404 Not Found</h1>
<hr>
<p style="text-align:center">Le Webserv/0.1</p>
</body>
</html>

10
headers/Client.hpp
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@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
# include <string>
# include <map>
class Client
struct Client
{
public:
// public:
// Client(Placeholder);
// Client();
// Client(Client const &src);
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@ class Client
int fd;
std::string raw_request;
std::map<std::string, std::string> request;
std::map<std::string, std::string> response;
// std::map<std::string, std::string> response;
std::string response;
unsigned int status;
private:
// private:
};

39
headers/Webserv.hpp
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
# include <sstream> // stringstream
# include <cerrno> // errno
# include <cstdio> // perror
# include <unistd.h> // close
# include <unistd.h> // close, access
# include <iostream> // cout, cin
# include <cstring> // memset
# include <sys/socket.h> // socket, accept, listen, send, recv, bind, connect, setsockopt, getsockname
@@ -20,25 +20,35 @@
# include <fcntl.h> // fcntl
# include <sys/wait.h> // waitpid
# include <csignal> // signal
# include <cstdlib> // itoa
char *ft_itoa(int n);
# include <fstream> // ifstream
# include "Client.hpp"
# include "Server.hpp"
# define BUFSIZE 8192
# define TIMEOUT 10 * 1000
# define MAX_EVENTS 42 // arbitrary
# define MSG_TEST "Le Webserv / 20 =D\n"
//# define BUFSIZE 8192
//# define TIMEOUT 10 * 1000
//# define MAX_EVENTS 42 // arbitrary
//# define MSG_TEST "Le Webserv / 20 =D\n"
extern bool g_run;
extern int g_last_signal;
void signal_handler(int signum);
class Webserv
{
public:
// base.cpp
Webserv();
// Webserv(Webserv const &src);
~Webserv();
// Webserv &operator=(Webserv const &rhs);
// init.cpp
void init_virtual_servers(); // ADD config param
void start();
// run_loop.cpp
void run();
private:
int _epfd;
@@ -46,19 +56,26 @@ class Webserv
// std::vector<Server> _servers;
std::vector<Client> _clients;
// accept.cpp
void _accept_connection(int fd);
// request.cpp
void _request(Client *client);
void _read_request(Client *client);
// response.cpp
void _response(Client *client);
void _send_response(Client *client);
void _construct_response(Client *client);
void _insert_status_line(Client *client);
void _get_ressource(Client *client);
// epoll_update.cpp
int _epoll_update(int fd, uint32_t events, int op);
int _epoll_update(int fd, uint32_t events, int op, void *ptr);
// signal.cpp
void _handle_last_signal();
// void _signal_handler(int signum); // invalide dans une class
Client* _actual_client;
// close.cpp
void _close_client(int fd);
void _close_all_clients();
// init.cpp
void _bind(int socket_fd, in_port_t port);
void _listen(int socket_fd, unsigned int max_connections);

50
srcs/ft_itoa.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
#include <string.h>
static int eval_is_negative(int *n)
{
if (*n < 0)
{
*n = *n * -1;
return (1);
}
return (0);
}
static int eval_digit_nbr(int n)
{
int digit_nbr;
if (n == 0)
return (1);
digit_nbr = 0;
while (n != 0)
{
digit_nbr++;
n = n / 10;
}
return (digit_nbr);
}
char *ft_itoa(int n)
{
int i;
char *str;
int is_negative;
if (n == -2147483648)
return (strdup("-2147483648"));
is_negative = eval_is_negative(&n);
i = eval_digit_nbr(n) + is_negative;
str = new char[i+1];
if (is_negative)
str[0] = '-';
str[i] = '\0';
while (i > 0 + is_negative)
{
i--;
str[i] = (n % 10) + '0';
n = n / 10;
}
return (str);
}

2
srcs/main.cpp
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ int main(void)
Webserv serv;
serv.init_virtual_servers();
serv.start();
serv.run();
}
catch (std::exception& e)
{

26
srcs/webserv/accept.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
void Webserv::_accept_connection(int fd)
{
struct sockaddr_in addr;
socklen_t addr_len;
int accepted_fd;
std::cerr << "accept()\n";
addr_len = sizeof addr;
accepted_fd = ::accept(fd, (sockaddr*)&addr, &addr_len);
if (accepted_fd == -1)
{
std::perror("err accept()");
if (g_last_signal)
_handle_last_signal();
return ;
}
::fcntl(accepted_fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
_clients.push_back(Client());
_clients.back().fd = accepted_fd;
_epoll_update(accepted_fd, EPOLLIN, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, &_clients.back());
}

35
srcs/webserv/base.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
Webserv::Webserv()
{
std::cerr << "Server init\n";
_epfd = ::epoll_create1(0); // (EPOLL_CLOEXEC) for CGI fork ?
if (_epfd == -1)
{
std::perror("err epoll_create1()");
throw std::runtime_error("Epoll init");
}
std::signal(SIGPIPE, signal_handler);
std::signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
}
/* Webserv::Webserv(Webserv const &src)
{
} */
Webserv::~Webserv()
{
close(_socket_fd);
close(_epfd);
_close_all_clients();
std::cerr << "Server destroyed\n";
}
/* Webserv & Webserv::operator=(Webserv const &rhs)
{
} */

34
srcs/webserv/close.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
void Webserv::_close_client(int fd)
{
std::vector<Client>::iterator it = _clients.begin();
while (it != _clients.end())
{
if (it->fd == fd)
{
// _epoll_update(fd, 0, EPOLL_CTL_DEL); // normalement superflu, DEBUG
if (::close(fd) == -1)
std::perror("err close()");
else
std::cerr << "close fd " << fd << "\n";
_clients.erase(it);
break;
}
++it;
}
}
void Webserv::_close_all_clients()
{
while (!_clients.empty())
{
// _epoll_update(_clients.back().fd, 0, EPOLL_CTL_DEL); // normalement superflu, DEBUG
if (::close(_clients.back().fd) == -1)
std::perror("err close()");
else
std::cerr << "close fd " << _clients.back().fd << "\n";
_clients.pop_back();
}
}

30
srcs/webserv/epoll_update.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
int Webserv::_epoll_update(int fd, uint32_t events, int op)
{
struct epoll_event ev;
std::memset(&ev, 0, sizeof ev);
ev.events = events;
ev.data.fd = fd;
if (::epoll_ctl(_epfd, op, fd, &ev) == -1)
{
std::perror("err _epoll_update()");
return (-1);
}
return (0);
}
int Webserv::_epoll_update(int fd, uint32_t events, int op, void *ptr)
{
struct epoll_event ev;
std::memset(&ev, 0, sizeof ev);
ev.events = events;
ev.data.ptr = ptr;
if (::epoll_ctl(_epfd, op, fd, &ev) == -1)
{
std::perror("err _epoll_update()");
return (-1);
}
return (0);
}

45
srcs/webserv/init.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
void Webserv::init_virtual_servers() // ADD config param
{
_socket_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0); // (SOCK_CLOEXEC) for CGI fork ?
if (_socket_fd == -1)
{
std::perror("err socket()");
throw std::runtime_error("Socket init");
}
_bind(_socket_fd, 4040);
_listen(_socket_fd, 512); // 512 arbitrary
if (_epoll_update(_socket_fd, EPOLLIN, EPOLL_CTL_ADD) == -1)
throw std::runtime_error("Socket init");
}
void Webserv::_bind(int socket_fd, in_port_t port)
{
// cast invalid ? how to ?
// const struct sockaddr* cast_test = static_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(addr);
struct sockaddr_in addr;
std::memset(&addr, 0, sizeof addr);
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = ::htons(port);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = ::htonl(INADDR_ANY); // htonl useless with 0 value (INADDR_ANY) ?
if (::bind(socket_fd, (const sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr) == -1)
{
std::perror("err bind()");
throw std::runtime_error("Socket bind");
}
}
void Webserv::_listen(int socket_fd, unsigned int max_connections)
{
if (::listen(socket_fd, max_connections) == -1)
{
std::perror("err listen()");
throw std::runtime_error("Socket listen");
}
}

37
srcs/webserv/request.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
#define BUFSIZE 8192
void Webserv::_request(Client *client)
{
_read_request(client);
if (g_last_signal)
_handle_last_signal();
}
void Webserv::_read_request(Client *client)
{
char buf[BUFSIZE+1];
ssize_t ret;
std::cerr << "recv()\n";
ret = ::recv(client->fd, buf, BUFSIZE, 0);
if (ret == -1)
{
std::perror("err recv()");
std::cerr << "client ptr =" << client << "\n"; // DEBUG
std::cerr << "client.fd =" << client->fd << "\n"; // DEBUG
_close_client(client->fd);
return ;
}
/*
if (ret == BUFSIZE)
// send error like "request too long" to client
*/
buf[ret] = '\0';
client->raw_request.append(buf);
_epoll_update(client->fd, EPOLLOUT, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, client);
}

143
srcs/webserv/response.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
void Webserv::_response(Client *client)
{
_send_response(client);
if (g_last_signal)
_handle_last_signal();
}
void Webserv::_send_response(Client *client)
{
ssize_t ret;
std::cerr << "send()\n";
std::cerr << "RAW_REQUEST\n|\n" << client->raw_request << "|\n"; // DEBUG
_construct_response(client);
ret = ::send(client->fd, client->response.data(), client->response.size(), 0);
if (ret == -1)
{
std::perror("err send()");
std::cerr << "client ptr =" << client << "\n"; // DEBUG
std::cerr << "client.fd =" << client->fd << "\n"; // DEBUG
_close_client(client->fd);
return ;
}
_close_client(client->fd);
/* if (client->raw_request.find("Connection: keep-alive") == std::string::npos)
_close_client(client->fd);
else
{
_epoll_update(client->fd, EPOLLIN, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, client);
client->raw_request.clear();
client->response.clear();
} */
}
void Webserv::_construct_response(Client *client)
{
client->status = 200;
client->response.append("Server: Webserv/0.1\r\n");
client->response.append("Connection: close\r\n");
_get_ressource(client);
_insert_status_line(client);
}
#define E404 "\r\n<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>404 Not Found</title></head><body><h1 style=\"text-align:center\">404 Not Found</h1><hr><p style=\"text-align:center\">Le Webserv/0.1</p></body></html>"
#define E500 "\r\n<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>500 Internal Server Error</title></head><body><h1 style=\"text-align:center\">500 Internal Server Error</h1><hr><p style=\"text-align:center\">Le Webserv/0.1</p></body></html>"
void Webserv::_insert_status_line(Client *client)
{
std::string status_line;
status_line.append("HTTP/1.1 ");
// WIP, maybe make a map for status response
switch (client->status)
{
case (200):
status_line.append("200 OK");
break;
case (404):
status_line.append("404 Not Found");
client->response.append(E404);
break;
case (500):
status_line.append("500 Internal Server Error");
client->response.append(E500);
break;
}
status_line.append("\r\n");
client->response.insert(0, status_line);
}
#define ROOT "website"
#define INDEX "index.html"
#define MAX_FILESIZE 1000000 // (1Mo)
void Webserv::_get_ressource(Client *client)
{
std::ifstream ifd; // For chunk, ifstream directly in struct CLient for multiples read without close() ?
char buf[MAX_FILESIZE+1];
char *tmp;
// Mini parsing à l'arrache du PATH
std::string path;
path = client->raw_request.substr(0, client->raw_request.find("\r\n"));
path = path.substr(0, path.rfind(" "));
path = path.substr(path.find("/"));
if (path == "/")
path.append(INDEX);
path.insert(0, ROOT);
if (access(path.data(), R_OK) == -1)
{
std::perror("err access()");
client->status = 404;
return ;
}
ifd.open(path.data(), std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate); // std::ios::binary (binary for files like images ?)
if (!ifd)
{
std::cerr << path << ": open fail" << '\n';
client->status = 500;
}
else
{
// WIP : Chunk or not chunk (if filesize too big)
std::streampos size = ifd.tellg();
if (size > MAX_FILESIZE)
{
// Then chunk
client->status = 500; // WIP temp
std::cerr << "File too large for non chunk body\n";
ifd.close();
return ;
}
ifd.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
ifd.read(buf, size);
buf[ifd.gcount()] = '\0';
client->response.append("Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n");
client->response.append("Content-Length: ");
tmp = ::ft_itoa(ifd.gcount());
client->response.append(tmp);
delete tmp;
client->response.append("\r\n");
// Body
client->response.append("\r\n");
client->response.append(buf);
ifd.close();
}
}

48
srcs/webserv/run_loop.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
#define MAX_EVENTS 42 // arbitrary
#define TIMEOUT 3000
void Webserv::run()
{
std::cerr << "Server started\n";
struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS];
int nfds;
int i;
int count_loop = 0;
g_run = true;
while (g_run)
{
std::cerr << ++count_loop << "----loop epoll()\n";
nfds = ::epoll_wait(_epfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, TIMEOUT);
if (nfds == -1)
{
std::perror("err epoll_wait()");
throw std::runtime_error("Epoll wait");
}
else if (nfds == 0)
{
if (!_clients.empty())
{
std::cerr << "Timeout " << TIMEOUT << "ms\n";
_close_all_clients();
}
}
i = 0;
while (i < nfds)
{
// if ((events[i].data.u32 == SERVER_FD) && (events[i].events & EPOLLIN)) // Dont work, see "SERVER_FD" define
if ((events[i].data.fd == _socket_fd) && (events[i].events & EPOLLIN))
_accept_connection(events[i].data.fd);
else if (events[i].events & EPOLLIN)
_request(static_cast<Client*>(events[i].data.ptr));
else if (events[i].events & EPOLLOUT)
_response(static_cast<Client*>(events[i].data.ptr));
++i;
if (!g_run)
break;
}
}
}

29
srcs/webserv/signal.cpp Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
#include "Webserv.hpp"
bool g_run;
int g_last_signal;
void signal_handler(int signum)
{
g_last_signal = signum;
}
void Webserv::_handle_last_signal()
{
if (g_last_signal == SIGPIPE)
{
std::cerr << "SIGPIPE\n";
// if (_actual_client)
// {
// _close_client(_actual_client->fd);
// _actual_client = NULL;
// }
}
else if (g_last_signal == SIGINT)
{
g_run = false;
// maybe a throw here instead of "g_run" ?
}
g_last_signal = 0;
}

11
website/index.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Le Webserv</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center">Le index (˘ ͜ʖ˘)</h1>
<hr>
<p style="text-align:center">(˚3˚)</p>
</body>
</html>

300
website/rfc2119_no_link.html Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<!-- saved from url=(0057)https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html -->
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"><head profile="http://dublincore.org/documents/2008/08/04/dc-html/"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>rfc2119</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="Verified-headnote-styling">
<span style="font-weight: bold;">This is a purely informative rendering of an RFC that includes verified errata. This rendering may not be used as a reference.</span>
<br>
<br>
The following 'Verified' errata have been incorporated in this document:
<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#eid493">EID 493</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_494">EID 494</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_495">EID 495</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_494">EID 496</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#eid498">EID 498</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_499">EID 499</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#eid500">EID 500</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_5101">EID 5101</a>
</div>
<pre>Network Working Group S. Bradner
Request for Comments: 2119 Harvard University
BCP: 14 March 1997
Category: Best Current Practice
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
In many standards track documents several words are used to signify
the requirements in the specification. These words are often
capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be
interpreted in IETF documents. Authors who follow these guidelines
should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document:
<span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-499"> The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL <button id="btn_499" target="expand_499" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_499&quot;)">Expand</button>
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT
RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to
be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.</span>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_499"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid499">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid499">EID 499</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> Abstract
<b>Original Text:</b>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
RFC 2119.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT
RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to
be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
The phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" is missing from this sentence.
</div>
</div>
Note that the force of these words is modified by the requirement
level of the document in which they are used.
<span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-495">1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", means that the <button id="btn_495" target="expand_495" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_495&quot;)">Expand</button>
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid493">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid493">EID 493</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the
definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", means that the
definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid498">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid498">EID 498</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that
there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
before implementing any behavior described with this label.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED", means that
there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
before implementing any behavior described with this label.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid500">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid500">EID 500</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", means that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
</span>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_495"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid495">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid495">EID 495</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", mean that the
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", means that the
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
</div>
2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the
definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that
there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
before implementing any behavior described with this label.
<span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-5101">5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is <button id="btn_5101" target="expand_5101" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_5101&quot;)">Expand</button>
truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a
particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.
An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does
include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the
same vein an implementation which does include a particular option
MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the
option provides).</span>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_5101"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid5101">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid5101">EID 5101</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 5
<b>Original Text:</b>
5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is
truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a
particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.
An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does
include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the
same vein an implementation which does include a particular option
MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the
option provides.)
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is
truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a
particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.
An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does
include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the
same vein an implementation which does include a particular option
MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the
option provides).
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
Full stop should appear outside the parentheses in the last sentence.
</div>
</div>
6. Guidance in the use of these Imperatives
Imperatives of the type defined in this memo must be used with care
and sparingly. In particular, they MUST only be used where it is
actually required for interoperation or to limit behavior which has
potential for causing harm <span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-494">(e.g., limiting retransmissions)</span> For <button id="btn_494" target="expand_494" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_494&quot;)">Expand Multiple</button>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_494"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid494">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid494">EID 494</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 6
<b>Original Text:</b>
(e.g., limiting retransmisssions)
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
(e.g., limiting retransmissions)
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid496">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid496">EID 496</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 6
<b>Original Text:</b>
In particular, they MUST only be used where it is actually required
for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for
causing harm (e.g., limiting retransmisssions) For example, they
must not be used to try to impose a particular method on
implementors where the method is not required for interoperability.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
In particular, they MUST only be used where it is actually required
for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for
causing harm (e.g., limiting retransmissions). For example, they
must not be used to try to impose a particular method on
implementors where the method is not required for interoperability.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
</div> example, they must not be used to try to impose a particular method
on implementors where the method is not required for
interoperability.
7. Security Considerations
These terms are frequently used to specify behavior with security
implications. The effects on security of not implementing a MUST or
SHOULD, or doing something the specification says MUST NOT or SHOULD
NOT be done may be very subtle. Document authors should take the time
to elaborate the security implications of not following
recommendations or requirements as most implementors will not have
had the benefit of the experience and discussion that produced the
specification.
8. Acknowledgments
The definitions of these terms are an amalgam of definitions taken
from a number of RFCs. In addition, suggestions have been
incorporated from a number of people including Robert Ullmann, Thomas
Narten, Neal McBurnett, and Robert Elz.
9. Author's Address
Scott Bradner
Harvard University
1350 Mass. Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02138
phone - +1 617 495 3864
email - sob@harvard.edu
</pre></body></html>

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<span style="font-weight: bold;">This is a purely informative rendering of an RFC that includes verified errata. This rendering may not be used as a reference.</span>
<br>
<br>
The following 'Verified' errata have been incorporated in this document:
<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#eid493">EID 493</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_494">EID 494</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_495">EID 495</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_494">EID 496</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#eid498">EID 498</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_499">EID 499</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#eid500">EID 500</a>, <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/inline-errata/rfc2119.html#btn_5101">EID 5101</a>
</div>
<pre>Network Working Group S. Bradner
Request for Comments: 2119 Harvard University
BCP: 14 March 1997
Category: Best Current Practice
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
In many standards track documents several words are used to signify
the requirements in the specification. These words are often
capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be
interpreted in IETF documents. Authors who follow these guidelines
should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document:
<span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-499"> The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL <button id="btn_499" target="expand_499" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_499&quot;)">Expand</button>
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT
RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to
be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.</span>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_499"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid499">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid499">EID 499</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> Abstract
<b>Original Text:</b>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
RFC 2119.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT
RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to
be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
The phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" is missing from this sentence.
</div>
</div>
Note that the force of these words is modified by the requirement
level of the document in which they are used.
<span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-495">1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", means that the <button id="btn_495" target="expand_495" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_495&quot;)">Expand</button>
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid493">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid493">EID 493</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the
definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", means that the
definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid498">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid498">EID 498</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that
there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
before implementing any behavior described with this label.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED", means that
there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
before implementing any behavior described with this label.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid500">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid500">EID 500</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", means that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
</span>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_495"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid495">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid495">EID 495</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 1
<b>Original Text:</b>
1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", mean that the
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
1. MUST This word, or the terms "REQUIRED" or "SHALL", means that the
definition is an absolute requirement of the specification.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
</div>
2. MUST NOT This phrase, or the phrase "SHALL NOT", mean that the
definition is an absolute prohibition of the specification.
3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there
may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a
particular item, but the full implications must be understood and
carefully weighed before choosing a different course.
4. SHOULD NOT This phrase, or the phrase "NOT RECOMMENDED" mean that
there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances when the
particular behavior is acceptable or even useful, but the full
implications should be understood and the case carefully weighed
before implementing any behavior described with this label.
<span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-5101">5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is <button id="btn_5101" target="expand_5101" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_5101&quot;)">Expand</button>
truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a
particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.
An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does
include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the
same vein an implementation which does include a particular option
MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the
option provides).</span>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_5101"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid5101">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid5101">EID 5101</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 5
<b>Original Text:</b>
5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is
truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a
particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.
An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does
include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the
same vein an implementation which does include a particular option
MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the
option provides.)
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
5. MAY This word, or the adjective "OPTIONAL", mean that an item is
truly optional. One vendor may choose to include the item because a
particular marketplace requires it or because the vendor feels that
it enhances the product while another vendor may omit the same item.
An implementation which does not include a particular option MUST be
prepared to interoperate with another implementation which does
include the option, though perhaps with reduced functionality. In the
same vein an implementation which does include a particular option
MUST be prepared to interoperate with another implementation which
does not include the option (except, of course, for the feature the
option provides).
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
Full stop should appear outside the parentheses in the last sentence.
</div>
</div>
6. Guidance in the use of these Imperatives
Imperatives of the type defined in this memo must be used with care
and sparingly. In particular, they MUST only be used where it is
actually required for interoperation or to limit behavior which has
potential for causing harm <span class="Verified-inline-styling" id="inline-494">(e.g., limiting retransmissions)</span> For <button id="btn_494" target="expand_494" onclick="hideFunction(&quot;expand_494&quot;)">Expand Multiple</button>
<div class="nodeCloseClass" id="expand_494"><div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid494">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid494">EID 494</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 6
<b>Original Text:</b>
(e.g., limiting retransmisssions)
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
(e.g., limiting retransmissions)
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
<div class="Verified-endnote-styling" id="eid496">
<pre><b><i><a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata/eid496">EID 496</a> (Verified) is as follows:</i></b>
<b>Section:</b> 6
<b>Original Text:</b>
In particular, they MUST only be used where it is actually required
for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for
causing harm (e.g., limiting retransmisssions) For example, they
must not be used to try to impose a particular method on
implementors where the method is not required for interoperability.
<b>Corrected Text:</b>
In particular, they MUST only be used where it is actually required
for interoperation or to limit behavior which has potential for
causing harm (e.g., limiting retransmissions). For example, they
must not be used to try to impose a particular method on
implementors where the method is not required for interoperability.
</pre>
<b>Notes:</b><br>
</div>
</div> example, they must not be used to try to impose a particular method
on implementors where the method is not required for
interoperability.
7. Security Considerations
These terms are frequently used to specify behavior with security
implications. The effects on security of not implementing a MUST or
SHOULD, or doing something the specification says MUST NOT or SHOULD
NOT be done may be very subtle. Document authors should take the time
to elaborate the security implications of not following
recommendations or requirements as most implementors will not have
had the benefit of the experience and discussion that produced the
specification.
8. Acknowledgments
The definitions of these terms are an amalgam of definitions taken
from a number of RFCs. In addition, suggestions have been
incorporated from a number of people including Robert Ullmann, Thomas
Narten, Neal McBurnett, and Robert Elz.
9. Author's Address
Scott Bradner
Harvard University
1350 Mass. Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02138
phone - +1 617 495 3864
email - sob@harvard.edu
</pre></body></html>