explicaiton des makefiles presque fini

Makefile

@@ -80,15 +80,14 @@ SRCS =  ft_atoi.c \
 
 ODIR = ./builds
 
-# - "addprefix" is a built-in expansion function used by
+# - $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o) is a built-in function called a
-# makefile to perform a transformation on file names, in
+# "substitute reference", an abbreviation for the
-# this case we want to put all the .o files in a
+# expansion function "patsubst" :
-# subdirectory named "build"
+# $(patsubst %.c,$(ODIR)/%.o,$(SRCS))
-# - $(SRCS:.c=.o) is a "substitute reference", an
+# - % match everything, the value of the first % in
-# abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
+# "replacement" is replaced by the text matched by the
-# $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SRCS))
+# first one in "pattern", it only works for the firsts
-OBJ = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
+OBJ = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
-
 
 # - - - - - - - - - - - #
 #   rules to execute    #
@@ -468,76 +467,307 @@ re: fclean all
 # makefile basique
 # - - - - - - - - -
 
-# exemple d'un makefilede basic qui sert a creer un
+# exemple for a basic makefile :
-# executable pour un programme :
 #
-#	[archtecture]
+#	[architecture]
 #	# main.c
 #	# function01.c
 #	# function02.c
 #	# header.h
+#	# libtest.a
 #	# Makefile
 #
 #	[Makefile]
-#	#	# DECLARATION VARIABLES
+#	# #-------------#
-#	#
+#	# #  VARIABLES  #
-#	# NAME   = bin_output
+#	# #-------------#
+#	# NAME   = program_test
 #	# CC     = gcc
-#	# CFLAGS = -I. -c
+#	# CFLAGS = -I.
+#	# LFLAGS = -L. -ltest
 #	# DEPS   = header.h
 #	# SRCS   = main.c \
 #	#          function01.c \
 #	#          function02.c
 #	# ODIR   = ./builds
-#	# OBJS   = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
+#	# OBJS   = $(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
-#	# 
-#	# 
-#	#	# RULES TO EXECUTE
 #	# 
+#	# #---------#
+#	# #  RULES  #
+#	# #---------#
 #	# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
-#	# $(NAME): $(OBJ)
+#	# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
-#	# 		ar -rc $@ $<
+#	# 		$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
-#	# #clean:
+#	# %.o: %.c
+#	# 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+#	# clean:
 #	#		/bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
 #	# fclean: clean
 #	#		/bin/rm -f $(NAME)
 #	# re: fclean all
 #	# .PHONY: all clean fclean re
 #
-# apres avoir ecrit "make" dans le terminal le Makefile
+#	# prompt "make" execute the first rule ("all")
-# va s'executer et l'architecture du fichier racine sera
-# un peu changee :
 #
 #	[archtecture]
 #	# main.c
 #	# main.o
 #	# function01.c
-#	# function01.o
+#	# function01.o	++
 #	# function02.c
-#	# function02.o
+#	# function02.o	++
 #	# header.h
+#	# libtest.a
 #	# Makefile
-#	# bin_output
+#	# program_test	++
 #
+# -----
 #
+# shape of a rule :
 #
-#	# - "addprefix" is a built-in expansion function used by
+# target: prerequisites ...
-#	# makefile to perform a transformation on file names, in
+#		recipe ...
-#	# this case we want to put all the .o files in a
+#
-#	# subdirectory named "build"
+# when a target is called, its execution depends of the
-#	# - $(SRCS:.c=.o) is a "substitute reference", an
+# prerequisites, if they have been more recently modify
-#	# abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
+# than the target the makefile execute the recipe
-#	# $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SRCS))
+#
-#	OBJ = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
+# to execute a rull you have to call it's name with make :
+# "make rule", and by default the first rule is execute
+#
+# -----
+#
+# "automatic variables"
+#
+# $@ is the name of the target that called the rule
+# $< is the name of the first prerequisite
+# $^ is the name of all the prerequisites
+#
+# -----
+#
+# $(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
+#
+# is a built-in function called a "substitute reference",
+# an abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
+#
+# $(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)
+# $(text:pattern=replacement)
+#
+# $() is a variable which expand in its value
+#
+# % match everything, the value of the first % in
+# "replacement" is replaced with the text matched by the
+# first % in "pattern", it only works for the firsts
+#
+# -----
 #
-#	# - when you write "make" in command line it will execute
-#	# the first rule wrote in the Makefile, wich is "all" by
-#	# convention because usually when you type "make" you
-#	# expect it to build all
-#	# - it first verify if ODIR is created and if not create
-#	# it, then it calls NAME to create the library
 # all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
 #
+# ALL depends on ODIR and NAME, so if ODIR doesn't exist
+# it will be created, and then NAME is called
+#
+# -----
+#
+# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
+# 		$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
+#
+# NAME depends on OBJS and DEPS, so if any .o or any .h
+# have more recent date of modification NAME will execute
+# only for them
+#
+# -----
+#
+# %.o: %.c
+# 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+#
+# when $(OBJS) expand in the list of .o files at the call
+# of the NAME rule, each of them call the rule "%.o" wich
+# depends on the equivalent .c, so if one has been
+# modified since last execution of ALL, it's recompiled in
+# object file with use of automatic variables $@ and $<
+#
+# -----
+#
+# #clean:
+#		/bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
+#
+# "make clean" suppress all the .o files
+#
+# -----
+#
+# fclean: clean
+#		/bin/rm -f $(NAME)
+#
+# "make fclean" call CLEAN and suppress the executable
+#
+# -----
+#
+# re: fclean all
+#
+# "make fclean" basically rerun make
+#
+# -----
+#
+# .PHONY: all clean fclean re
+#
+# a phony target is one that is not the name of a file
+# if a file called "clean" for instance exist, the rule
+# CLEAN will never be executed when prompt "make clean"
+# because it will be considered up to date, but if it's
+# declared to be phony it will be executed in any case
+
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+# makefile with subdirectories
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+# put the .o in a "builds/" directory
+#
+# have the .c in a "srcs/" directory
+#
+# have the .h in an "includes" directory
+#
+# have multiples .a files
+#
+#	[archtecture]
+#	# srcs/
+#	#    main.c
+#	#    function01.c
+#	#    function02.c
+#	# includes/
+#	#    header01.h
+#	#    header02.h
+#	# libtest.a
+#	# liboption.a
+#	# Makefile
+#
+#	# #-------------#
+#	# #  VARIABLES  #
+#	# #-------------#
+#	# NAME   = program_test
+#	# CC     = gcc
+#	# VPATH  = srcs
+#	#
+#	# IDIR   = includes
+#	# _DEPS  = header01.h \
+#	#          header02.h
+#	# DEPS   = $(_DEPS:%.h=$(IDIR)/%.h)
+#	#
+#	# LDIR   = ./
+#	# _LIBS  = libtest.a \
+#	#          liboption.a
+#	# LIBS   = $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
+#	#
+#	# SRCS   = main.c \
+#	#          function01.c
+#	#          function02.c
+#	# ODIR   = ./builds
+#	# OBJS   = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
+#	#
+#	# CFLAGS = -I$(IDIR)
+#	# LFLAGS = -L$(LDIR) -l$(LIBS)
+#	# 
+#	# #---------#
+#	# #  RULES  #
+#	# #---------#
+#	# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
+#	# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
+#	# 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
+#	# $(ODIR):
+#	# 	mkdir -p $@
+#	# $(ODIR)/%.o: %.c
+#	# 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
+#	# clean:
+#	#		/bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
+#	# fclean: clean
+#	#		/bin/rm -f $(NAME)
+#	# re: fclean all
+#	# .PHONY: all clean fclean re
+#
+#	# prompt "make" execute the first rule ("all")
+#
+#	[archtecture]
+#	# srcs/
+#	#    main.c
+#	#    function01.c
+#	#    function02.c
+#	# includes/
+#	#    header01.h
+#	#    header02.h
+#	# builds/
+#	#    main.o
+#	#    function01.o
+#	#    function02.o
+#	# libtest.a
+#	# liboption.a
+#	# Makefile
+#	# program_test
+#
+# -----
+#
+# LIBS   = $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
+#
+# from "libtest.a" abd "liboption.a" it creates "test"
+# and option
+#
+# as said, the value of the % in "replacement" is
+# replaced with the text matched by the % in "pattern"
+#
+# -----
+#
+# OBJS   = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
+#
+# creates the list of .o from the .c with addition of the
+# path directory "builds/main.o"
+#
+# -----
+#
+# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
+# $(ODIR):
+# 	mkdir -p $@
+#
+# ALL call the rull ODIR wich verify if the objects files
+# directory already exist and if not, create it
+#
+# -----
+#
+# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
+# 		$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
+#
+# NAME depends on OBJS and DEPS, so if any .o or any .h
+# have more recent date of modification NAME will execute
+# only for them
+#
+# -----
+#
+# clean:
+#		/bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
+#
+# "make clean" suppress all the .o files
+#
+# -----
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+#
+
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+# makefile qui make un autre makefile
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+# makefile pour une librairie
+# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+
+	
 #	# create the folder where all the .o files will be stored
 #	$(ODIR):
 #		mkdir -p $(ODIR)

test/Makefile

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ LDIR    = ./
 _LIBS   = libtest.a
 LIBS   	= $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
 # FUNCTIONS et OBJETS #
-SRCS	= main.c #putchar.c transform.c
+SRCS	= main.c to_uppercase.c #putchar.c transform.c
 ODIR	= ./builds
 OBJS	= $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
 # OPTIONS de GCC #
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ LFLAGS  = -L$(LDIR) -l$(LIBS)
 #---------#
 all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
 $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o test $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
 $(ODIR):
 	mkdir -p $@
 $(ODIR)/%.o: %.c

test/includes/test.h

@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@
 
 void	ft_putchar(char c);
 int		transform(int a);
+int		to_uppercase(int a);
 
 # endif

test/srcs/main.c

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 int	main()
 {
 	int a = 't';
+	a = to_uppercase(a);
 	a = transform(a);
 	ft_putchar(a);
-	return (0);
+	return(0);
 }

test/srcs/to_uppercase.c

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "test.h"
+
+int	to_uppercase(int a)
+{
+	a -= 32;
+	return(a);
+}