explicaiton des makefiles presque fini
This commit is contained in:
Hugo LAMY
324
Makefile
324
Makefile
@@ -80,15 +80,14 @@ SRCS = ft_atoi.c \
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ODIR = ./builds
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# - "addprefix" is a built-in expansion function used by
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# makefile to perform a transformation on file names, in
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# this case we want to put all the .o files in a
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# subdirectory named "build"
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# - $(SRCS:.c=.o) is a "substitute reference", an
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# abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
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# $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SRCS))
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OBJ = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
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# - $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o) is a built-in function called a
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# "substitute reference", an abbreviation for the
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# expansion function "patsubst" :
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# $(patsubst %.c,$(ODIR)/%.o,$(SRCS))
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# - % match everything, the value of the first % in
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# "replacement" is replaced by the text matched by the
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# first one in "pattern", it only works for the firsts
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OBJ = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
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# - - - - - - - - - - - #
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# rules to execute #
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@@ -468,76 +467,307 @@ re: fclean all
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# makefile basique
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# - - - - - - - - -
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# exemple d'un makefilede basic qui sert a creer un
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# executable pour un programme :
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# exemple for a basic makefile :
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#
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# [archtecture]
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# [architecture]
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# # main.c
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# # function01.c
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# # function02.c
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# # header.h
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# # libtest.a
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# # Makefile
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#
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# [Makefile]
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# # # DECLARATION VARIABLES
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# #
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# # NAME = bin_output
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# # #-------------#
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# # # VARIABLES #
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# # #-------------#
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# # NAME = program_test
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# # CC = gcc
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# # CFLAGS = -I. -c
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# # CFLAGS = -I.
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# # LFLAGS = -L. -ltest
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# # DEPS = header.h
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# # SRCS = main.c \
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# # function01.c \
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# # function02.c
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# # ODIR = ./builds
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# # OBJS = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
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# # OBJS = $(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
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# #
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# #
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# # # RULES TO EXECUTE
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# #
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# # #---------#
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# # # RULES #
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# # #---------#
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# # all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
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# # $(NAME): $(OBJ)
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# # ar -rc $@ $<
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# # #clean:
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# # $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
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# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
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# # %.o: %.c
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# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
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# # clean:
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# # /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
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# # fclean: clean
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# # /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
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# # re: fclean all
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# # .PHONY: all clean fclean re
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#
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# apres avoir ecrit "make" dans le terminal le Makefile
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# va s'executer et l'architecture du fichier racine sera
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# un peu changee :
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# # prompt "make" execute the first rule ("all")
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#
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# [archtecture]
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# # main.c
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# # main.o
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# # function01.c
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# # function01.o
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# # function01.o ++
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# # function02.c
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# # function02.o
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# # function02.o ++
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# # header.h
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# # libtest.a
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# # Makefile
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# # bin_output
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# # program_test ++
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#
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#
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# -----
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#
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# # - "addprefix" is a built-in expansion function used by
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# # makefile to perform a transformation on file names, in
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# # this case we want to put all the .o files in a
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# # subdirectory named "build"
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# # - $(SRCS:.c=.o) is a "substitute reference", an
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# # abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
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# # $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SRCS))
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# OBJ = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
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#
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# # - when you write "make" in command line it will execute
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# # the first rule wrote in the Makefile, wich is "all" by
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# # convention because usually when you type "make" you
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# # expect it to build all
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# # - it first verify if ODIR is created and if not create
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# # it, then it calls NAME to create the library
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# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
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#
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# shape of a rule :
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#
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# target: prerequisites ...
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# recipe ...
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#
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# when a target is called, its execution depends of the
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# prerequisites, if they have been more recently modify
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# than the target the makefile execute the recipe
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#
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# to execute a rull you have to call it's name with make :
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# "make rule", and by default the first rule is execute
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#
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# -----
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#
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# "automatic variables"
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#
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# $@ is the name of the target that called the rule
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# $< is the name of the first prerequisite
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# $^ is the name of all the prerequisites
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#
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# -----
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#
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# $(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
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#
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# is a built-in function called a "substitute reference",
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# an abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
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#
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# $(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)
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# $(text:pattern=replacement)
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#
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# $() is a variable which expand in its value
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#
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# % match everything, the value of the first % in
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# "replacement" is replaced with the text matched by the
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# first % in "pattern", it only works for the firsts
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#
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# -----
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#
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# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
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#
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# ALL depends on ODIR and NAME, so if ODIR doesn't exist
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# it will be created, and then NAME is called
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#
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# -----
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#
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# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
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# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
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#
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# NAME depends on OBJS and DEPS, so if any .o or any .h
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# have more recent date of modification NAME will execute
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# only for them
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#
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# -----
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#
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# %.o: %.c
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# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
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#
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# when $(OBJS) expand in the list of .o files at the call
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# of the NAME rule, each of them call the rule "%.o" wich
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# depends on the equivalent .c, so if one has been
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# modified since last execution of ALL, it's recompiled in
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# object file with use of automatic variables $@ and $<
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#
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# -----
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#
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# #clean:
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# /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
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#
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# "make clean" suppress all the .o files
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#
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# -----
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#
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# fclean: clean
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# /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
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#
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# "make fclean" call CLEAN and suppress the executable
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#
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# -----
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#
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# re: fclean all
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#
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# "make fclean" basically rerun make
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#
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# -----
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#
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# .PHONY: all clean fclean re
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#
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# a phony target is one that is not the name of a file
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# if a file called "clean" for instance exist, the rule
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# CLEAN will never be executed when prompt "make clean"
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# because it will be considered up to date, but if it's
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# declared to be phony it will be executed in any case
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# makefile with subdirectories
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# put the .o in a "builds/" directory
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#
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# have the .c in a "srcs/" directory
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#
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# have the .h in an "includes" directory
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#
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# have multiples .a files
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#
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# [archtecture]
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# # srcs/
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# # main.c
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# # function01.c
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# # function02.c
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# # includes/
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# # header01.h
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# # header02.h
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# # libtest.a
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# # liboption.a
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# # Makefile
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#
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# # #-------------#
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# # # VARIABLES #
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# # #-------------#
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# # NAME = program_test
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# # CC = gcc
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# # VPATH = srcs
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# #
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# # IDIR = includes
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# # _DEPS = header01.h \
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# # header02.h
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# # DEPS = $(_DEPS:%.h=$(IDIR)/%.h)
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# #
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# # LDIR = ./
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# # _LIBS = libtest.a \
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# # liboption.a
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# # LIBS = $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
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# #
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# # SRCS = main.c \
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# # function01.c
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# # function02.c
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# # ODIR = ./builds
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# # OBJS = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
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# #
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# # CFLAGS = -I$(IDIR)
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# # LFLAGS = -L$(LDIR) -l$(LIBS)
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# #
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# # #---------#
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# # # RULES #
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# # #---------#
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# # all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
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# # $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
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# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
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# # $(ODIR):
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# # mkdir -p $@
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# # $(ODIR)/%.o: %.c
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# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
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# # clean:
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# # /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
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# # fclean: clean
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# # /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
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# # re: fclean all
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# # .PHONY: all clean fclean re
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#
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# # prompt "make" execute the first rule ("all")
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#
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# [archtecture]
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# # srcs/
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# # main.c
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# # function01.c
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# # function02.c
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# # includes/
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# # header01.h
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# # header02.h
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# # builds/
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# # main.o
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# # function01.o
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# # function02.o
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# # libtest.a
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# # liboption.a
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# # Makefile
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# # program_test
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#
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# -----
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#
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# LIBS = $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
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#
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# from "libtest.a" abd "liboption.a" it creates "test"
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# and option
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#
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# as said, the value of the % in "replacement" is
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# replaced with the text matched by the % in "pattern"
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#
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# -----
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#
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# OBJS = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
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#
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# creates the list of .o from the .c with addition of the
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# path directory "builds/main.o"
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#
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# -----
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#
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# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
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# $(ODIR):
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# mkdir -p $@
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#
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# ALL call the rull ODIR wich verify if the objects files
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# directory already exist and if not, create it
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#
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# -----
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#
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# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
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# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
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#
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# NAME depends on OBJS and DEPS, so if any .o or any .h
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# have more recent date of modification NAME will execute
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# only for them
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#
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# -----
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#
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# clean:
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# /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
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#
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# "make clean" suppress all the .o files
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#
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# -----
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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#
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# makefile qui make un autre makefile
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# makefile pour une librairie
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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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# # create the folder where all the .o files will be stored
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# $(ODIR):
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# mkdir -p $(ODIR)
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