explications claires sur la partie makefile active

This commit is contained in:
hugodu69
2019-11-16 05:24:36 +01:00
21 changed files with 643 additions and 122 deletions

669
Makefile
View File

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
# - - - - - - - - - #
# variables names #
# - - - - - - - - - #
# - - - - - - - - -
# variables names
# - - - - - - - - -
# each variable will expand in its value when used
NAME = libft.a
DEP = libft.h
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -Werror -I. -c
SRCS = ft_atoi.c \
@@ -75,51 +77,73 @@ SRCS = ft_atoi.c \
ft_arraymap.c \
ft_putnbrbase.c \
ft_strmultisplit.c
OBJ = $(addprefix $(ODIR)/, $(SRCS:.c=.o))
ODIR = ./builds
# - - - - - - - - - -
# rules to execute
# - - - - - - - - - -
# - $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o) is a built-in function called a
# "substitute reference", an abbreviation for the
# expansion function "patsubst" :
# $(patsubst %.c,$(ODIR)/%.o,$(SRCS))
# - % match everything, the value of the first % in
# "replacement" is replaced by the text matched by the
# first one in "pattern", it only works for the firsts
OBJ = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
# when you write "make" in command line it will execute
# the first rule wrote in the Makefile, wich is ALL by
# - - - - - - - - - - - #
# rules to execute #
# - - - - - - - - - - - #
# - when you write "make" in command line it will execute
# the first rule wrote in the Makefile, wich is "all" by
# convention because usually when you type "make" you
# expect it to build all
# it first verify if ODIR is created and if not create it
# then it calls NAME to create the library
# - it first verify if ODIR is created and if not create
# it, then it calls NAME to create the library
all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
# ODIR create the folder where the files.o will be stored
# create the folder where all the .o files will be stored
$(ODIR):
mkdir -p $(ODIR)
# NAME will create the library libft.a :
# - NAME will create the library libft.a
# - first it checks if any OBJ (files.o) have more recent
# date of modification than NAME (libft.a), and for each
# it will execute "ar rc $@ £<"
# - "ar rc name.a obj1.o obj2.o ..." create the library
# name.a if it doesn't already exist and add the given
# obj.o inside of it
# - ranlib doesn't need to be seen so it's precedeed by @
# - automatic variables :
# $@ means what's before ":"
# $< means what is after ":" (only first argument)
$(NAME): $(OBJ)
# date of modification than NAME (libft.a), and for each
# it will execute
# - $(OBJ) will expand in the list of files.o and each of
# them will call the rule "$(ODIR)/%.o:" below because it
# has its exact pattern
# - NAME will execute only for the .c that has been
# modified since last creation of NAME
# - ranlib is precedeed by a "@" to avoid being print
# - if DEP (libft.h) is modified the library is remade
# - $@ means everything left to ":"
# - $< means first argument right to ":"
$(NAME): $(OBJ) $(DEP)
ar -rc $@ $<
@ranlib $@
# - this rule depend of the list of files.c
# - if any of these files are more recent than the file
# builds/file.o equivalent then the rule will rebuild
# this .o file
# - the flag -o is there to put explicit name of the .o
# files since they must be written within a directory
# path (builds/)
$(ODIR)/%.o: %.c
$(COMPILE.c) -o $@ $<
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
# clean the objects file
# rm is use with it's native path to avoid using an alias
clean:
/bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
# clean the objects and executable files
fclean: clean
/bin/rm -f $(NAME)
# remake the compilation
re: fclean all
.PHONY: clean
.PHONY: clean fclean re all
@@ -143,7 +167,8 @@ re: fclean all
# ranlib [322 G]
## 3 - fichiers .h [335 G]
# ecrir un header []
# a quoi sert un header []
# ecrire un header []
# comment ca se compile []
## 4 - ecrire un make file... []
@@ -229,10 +254,9 @@ re: fclean all
# si on compile les deux ca marche :
# gcc main.c ft_putchar.c
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# les .o : pre-compiler certains fichiers pour
# ne pas les recompiler a chaque fois
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# les .o : compiler et linker
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# ca fonctionne mais gcc doit a chaque fois recompiler
# ft_putchar.c alors qu'il n'est pas modifie, donc on peut
@@ -251,11 +275,14 @@ re: fclean all
# objet .o qui est deja traduit en langue d'ordinateur
# et pret a etre rajoute a la compilation :
#
# # gcc -c ft_putchar.c --> donne ft_putchar.o
# # gcc -c ft_putchar.c --> donne ft_putchar.o
# # gcc -c main.c --> donne main.o
#
# qu'on peut compiler avec le fichier contenant le main :
# cette etape qui consiste a transformer les fichiers en
# objets .o s'appelle la compilation, il faut ensuite
# linker les objets, ce qui avec gcc se fait simplement :
#
# # gcc file.c ft_putchar.o
# # gcc main.o ft_putchar.o
#
# on va maintenant voir comment faire une libraire qui
# contient tous nos fichiers objets
@@ -328,7 +355,7 @@ re: fclean all
## ----------------
# - - - - - - - - - - - -
# ecrire un header
# a quoi sert un header
# - - - - - - - - - - - -
# si on utilise une librairie c'est parce qu'on peut avoir
@@ -354,69 +381,82 @@ re: fclean all
# fonctions de la librairie, gcc s'occupera de l'expandre
# a la precompilation
#
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# - - - - - - - - -
# ecrire un header
# - - - - - - - - -
# [ft_putchar.c]
# # #include "libtest.h"
# #
# # void ft_putchar(char c)
# # {
# # write(1, &c, 1);
# # }
#
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# [main.c]
# # #include "libtest.h"
# #
# # int main()
# # {
# # ft_putchar('0');
# # return (0);
# # }
#
# [libetest.h]
# # # ifndef LIBTEST_H
# # # define LIBTEST_H
# #
# # #include <unistd.h>
# #
# # void ft_putchar(char c);
# #
# #
# #
# #
# # # endif
#
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# en tete de chaque fichier de fonctions on ecrit
# l'include de la librairie, comme un include classique,
# precede d'un #, mais avec le nom de la librairie entre
# guillemets et non pas entre signes comparateurs
#
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# #
# dans le fichier de la librairie on ajoute les includes
# dont on peut avoir besoin pour que la librairie ou des
# fonctions auont besoin, et les prototypes des fonctions
#
# on entoure toutes ces infos par une definition, afin
# de proteger le .h d'etre expand plusieurs fois dans
# un fichier
# - - - - - - - - - - - -
# comment ca se compile
# - - - - - - - - - - - -
# au moment de la compilation il faut indiquer a gcc ou
# se trouve le fichier .h avec le flag -I
#
# par exemple pour l'architecture de dossier suivante :
#
# # file
# # -> main.c
# # -> ft_putchar.c
# # -> libtest.h
#
# il faut ecrire :
#
# # gcc main.c ft_putchar.c -I.
#
# et si la compilation utilise une librairie, par exemple
# si on met la fonction ft_putchar.c dans une librairie :
#
# # gcc -c ft_putchar.c
# # (donne ft_putchar.o)
# # ar rc libtest.a ft_putchar.o
#
# on peut alors compiler avec la librairie .a et le
# fichier .h :
#
# # gcc main.c -I. -L. -ltest -o test
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# qui sort l'executable "test"
## ----------------------------------------------------
## 4 - ecrire un make file pour aider a la compilation
@@ -426,6 +466,373 @@ re: fclean all
# makefile basique
# - - - - - - - - -
# exemple for a basic makefile :
#
# [architecture]
# # main.c
# # function01.c
# # function02.c
# # header.h
# # libtest.a
# # Makefile
#
# [Makefile]
# # #-------------#
# # # VARIABLES #
# # #-------------#
# # NAME = program_test
# # CC = gcc
# # CFLAGS = -I.
# # LFLAGS = -L. -ltest
# # DEPS = header.h
# # SRCS = main.c \
# # function01.c \
# # function02.c
# # ODIR = ./builds
# # OBJS = $(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
# #
# # #---------#
# # # RULES #
# # #---------#
# # all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
# # $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
# # %.o: %.c
# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
# # clean:
# # /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
# # fclean: clean
# # /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
# # re: fclean all
# # .PHONY: all clean fclean re
#
# # prompt "make" execute the first rule ("all")
#
# [archtecture]
# # main.c
# # main.o
# # function01.c
# # function01.o ++
# # function02.c
# # function02.o ++
# # header.h
# # libtest.a
# # Makefile
# # program_test ++
#
# -----
#
# shape of a rule :
#
# target: prerequisites ...
# recipe ...
#
# when a target is called, its execution depends of the
# prerequisites, if they have been more recently modify
# than the target the makefile execute the recipe
#
# to execute a rull you have to call it's name with make :
# "make rule", and by default the first rule is execute
#
# -----
#
# "automatic variables"
#
# $@ is the name of the target that called the rule
# $< is the name of the first prerequisite
# $^ is the name of all the prerequisites
#
# -----
#
# $(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
#
# is a built-in function called a "substitute reference",
# an abbreviation for the expansion function "patsubst" :
#
# $(patsubst pattern,replacement,text)
# $(text:pattern=replacement)
#
# $() is a variable which expand in its value
#
# % match everything, the value of the first % in
# "replacement" is replaced with the text matched by the
# first % in "pattern", it only works for the firsts
#
# -----
#
# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
#
# ALL depends on ODIR and NAME, so if ODIR doesn't exist
# it will be created, and then NAME is called
#
# -----
#
# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
#
# NAME depends on OBJS and DEPS, so if any .o or any .h
# have more recent date of modification NAME will execute
# only for them
#
# -----
#
# %.o: %.c
# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
#
# when $(OBJS) expand in the list of .o files at the call
# of the NAME rule, each of them call the rule "%.o" wich
# depends on the equivalent .c, so if one has been
# modified since last execution of ALL, it's recompiled in
# object file with use of automatic variables $@ and $<
#
# -----
#
# #clean:
# /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
#
# "make clean" suppress all the .o files
#
# -----
#
# fclean: clean
# /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
#
# "make fclean" call CLEAN and suppress the executable
#
# -----
#
# re: fclean all
#
# "make fclean" basically rerun make
#
# -----
#
# .PHONY: all clean fclean re
#
# a phony target is one that is not the name of a file
# if a file called "clean" for instance exist, the rule
# CLEAN will never be executed when prompt "make clean"
# because it will be considered up to date, but if it's
# declared to be phony it will be executed in any case
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# makefile with subdirectories
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# put the .o in a "builds/" directory
#
# have the .c in a "srcs/" directory
#
# have the .h in an "includes" directory
#
# have multiples .a files
#
# [archtecture]
# # srcs/
# # main.c
# # function01.c
# # function02.c
# # includes/
# # header01.h
# # header02.h
# # libtest.a
# # liboption.a
# # Makefile
#
# # #-------------#
# # # VARIABLES #
# # #-------------#
# # NAME = program_test
# # CC = gcc
# # VPATH = srcs
# #
# # IDIR = includes
# # _DEPS = header01.h \
# # header02.h
# # DEPS = $(_DEPS:%.h=$(IDIR)/%.h)
# #
# # LDIR = ./
# # _LIBS = libtest.a \
# # liboption.a
# # LIBS = $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
# #
# # SRCS = main.c \
# # function01.c
# # function02.c
# # ODIR = ./builds
# # OBJS = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
# #
# # CFLAGS = -I$(IDIR)
# # LFLAGS = -L$(LDIR) -l$(LIBS)
# #
# # #---------#
# # # RULES #
# # #---------#
# # all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
# # $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
# # $(ODIR):
# # mkdir -p $@
# # $(ODIR)/%.o: %.c
# # $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
# # clean:
# # /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
# # fclean: clean
# # /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
# # re: fclean all
# # .PHONY: all clean fclean re
#
# # prompt "make" execute the first rule ("all")
#
# [archtecture]
# # srcs/
# # main.c
# # function01.c
# # function02.c
# # includes/
# # header01.h
# # header02.h
# # builds/
# # main.o
# # function01.o
# # function02.o
# # libtest.a
# # liboption.a
# # Makefile
# # program_test
#
# -----
#
# LIBS = $(_LIBS:lib%.a=%)
#
# from "libtest.a" abd "liboption.a" it creates "test"
# and option
#
# as said, the value of the % in "replacement" is
# replaced with the text matched by the % in "pattern"
#
# -----
#
# OBJS = $(SRCS:%.c=$(ODIR)/%.o)
#
# creates the list of .o from the .c with addition of the
# path directory "builds/main.o"
#
# -----
#
# all: $(ODIR) $(NAME)
# $(ODIR):
# mkdir -p $@
#
# ALL call the rull ODIR wich verify if the objects files
# directory already exist and if not, create it
#
# -----
#
# $(NAME): $(OBJS) $(DEPS)
# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LFLAGS)
#
# NAME depends on OBJS and DEPS, so if any .o or any .h
# have more recent date of modification NAME will execute
# only for them
#
# -----
#
# clean:
# /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
#
# "make clean" suppress all the .o files
#
# -----
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# makefile qui make un autre makefile
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# makefile pour une librairie
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# # create the folder where all the .o files will be stored
# $(ODIR):
# mkdir -p $(ODIR)
#
# # - NAME will create the library libft.a
# # - first it checks if any OBJ (files.o) have more recent
# # date of modification than NAME (libft.a), and for each
# # it will execute
# # - $(OBJ) will expand in the list of files.o and each of
# # them will call the rule "$(ODIR)/%.o:" below because it
# # has its exact pattern
# # - NAME will execute only for the .c that has been
# # modified since last creation of NAME
# # - ranlib is precedeed by a "@" to avoid being print
# # - if DEP (libft.h) is modified the library is remade
# # - $@ means everything left to ":"
# # - $< means first argument right to ":"
# $(NAME): $(OBJ) $(DEP)
# ar -rc $@ $<
# @ranlib $@
#
# # - this rule depend of the list of files.c
# # - if any of these files are more recent than the file
# # builds/file.o equivalent then the rule will rebuild
# # this .o file
# # - the flag -o is there to put explicit name of the .o
# # files since they must be written within a directory
# # path (builds/)
# $(ODIR)/%.o: %.c
# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
#
# # clean the objects file
# # rm is use with it's native path to avoid using an alias
# clean:
# /bin/rm -rf $(ODIR)
#
# # clean the objects and executable files
# fclean: clean
# /bin/rm -f $(NAME)
#
# # remake the compilation
# re: fclean all
#
# .PHONY: clean fclean
# Make a des built-in pattern rules :
# https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Catalogue-of-Rules.html
# par exemple pour construire des .o a partir de .c
# qui sont utilisees par défaut si les variables
# sont bien nomee (genre CC ou CFLAGS)
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# ne pas tout recompiler a la moindre modification
# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@@ -438,24 +845,6 @@ re: fclean all
# make un autre makefile
# - - - - - - - - - - - -
# exemple d'un makefilede basic
#
# # NAME = libtest.h
# # CC = gcc
# # CFLAGS = -I. -c
# # SRCS = example01.c \
# # example02.c
# # OBJ = $(SRCS:.c=.o) |ecrit les fichiers .c en .o
# #
# # all: $(NAME) |make execute sa premiere regle NAME
# # $(NAME): $(OBJ) |NAME execute d'abord OBJ
# # ar -rc $@ $< |
#
# Make a des built-in pattern rules :
# https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Catalogue-of-Rules.html
# par exemple pour construire des .o a partir de .c
# qui sont utilisees par défaut si les variables
# sont bien nomee (genre CC ou CFLAGS)
#
# cependant si on veut mettre les fichiers .o dans un
# sous-fichier BUILDS il n'y a pas de built-in pattern
@@ -487,3 +876,97 @@ re: fclean all
# $< = "la premiere valeur a droite de :"
# $^ = "toutes les valeurs a droite de :"
#
# shape of a rule :
#
# target: prerequisites
# recipe
#
# before executing its recipes, makefile verify if any of
# the prerequisites has been more recently modify than
# the target, and if so execute the recipes
# NAME = fdf
# CC = gcc -g3
# SRCDIR = srcs
# INCLUDESDIR = includes
# LIBFTDIR = libft
# VPATH = $(INCLUDESDIR) \
# $(SRCDIR) \
# $(SRCDIR)/init \
# $(SRCDIR)/print \
# $(SRCDIR)/calcul \
# $(SRCDIR)/projection/isometrique \
# $(SRCDIR)/projection/parallel \
# $(SRCDIR)/parser \
# $(SRCDIR)/loop_and_event
# LIBFT = $(LIBFTDIR)/libft.a
# INCLUDES = fdf.h \
# init.h \
# print.h \
# calcul.h \
# projection.h \
# parser.h \
# loop.h
# SRCS = main.c \
# create_header.c \
# create_map.c \
# color_map.c \
# color_line.c \
# color_map_pixel.c \
# print_3d.c \
# create_mapping.c \
# straight_line.c \
# add_point.c \
# quadrant_one.c \
# quadrant_two.c \
# quadrant_three.c \
# get_points.c \
# zoom.c \
# shift.c \
# alpha_omega.c \
# increase_z.c \
# key_dispatcher.c \
# set_new_color.c \
# set_projection.c
# ODIR = objs/
# OBJS = $(addprefix $(OBJDIR), $(SRCS:.c=.o))
# INC = -I $(INCLUDESDIR) -I $(LIBFTDIR)/$(INCLUDESDIR)
# all:
# @$(MAKE) -C $(MLX_DIR);
# @$(MAKE) -C $(LIBFTDIR)
# @$(ECHO) "$(FLAGS_COLOR)Compiling with flags $(CFLAGS) $(EOC)"
# @$(MAKE) $(NAME)
# debug:
# @$(MAKE) re DEBUG=1
# $(LIBFT):
# @$(MAKE) -C $(LIBFTDIR)
# $(NAME): $(LIBFT) $(OBJDIR) $(OBJECTS)
# @$(CC) -o $@ $(OBJECTS) $(CFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) $(MLX_LIB)
# @$(ECHO) "$(OK_COLOR)$(NAME) linked with success !$(EOC)"
# $(OBJDIR):
# @$(MKDIR) $@
# $(OBJDIR)%.o: $(SRC_DIR)%.c $(INCLUDES)
# @$(CC) -c $< -o $@ $(CFLAGS)
# @$(ECHO) "${COMP_COLOR}$< ${EOC}"
# clean:
# @$(MAKE) clean -C $(MLX_DIR)
# @$(MAKE) clean -C $(LIBFTDIR)
# @$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
# @$(RM) -r $(OBJDIR) && $(ECHO) "${OK_COLOR}Successfully cleaned $(NAME) objects files ${EOC}"
# fclean: clean
# @$(MAKE) fclean -C $(MLX_DIR)
# @$(MAKE) fclean -C $(LIBFTDIR)
# @$(RM) $(NAME) && $(ECHO) "${OK_COLOR}Successfully cleaned $(NAME) ${EOC}"
# re: fclean all
# rere:
# @$(RM) $(OBJECTS)
# @$(RM) -r $(OBJDIR)
# @$(RM) $(BINDIR)/$(NAME)
# @$(MAKE) all
# .PHONY: all clean fclean re debug